Dogs Reproduction: From Sexual Maturity to Mating

Puberty or sexual maturity in the female dog usually occurs around six months of age. The smaller breeds tend to go into oestrus or “heat” earlier and some females can have their first “heat” cycle as early as four months of age. On the other hand, the large and giant breeds can be up to two years old before they come into heat for the first time.

On average this occurs about twice a year or every six months, although it varies from dog to dog. When cycling first begins, there may be a great deal of variability in the time between cycles. This is normal. Some females take eighteen months to two years to develop a regular cycle.

When Is The Best Time To Mate Your Dog?

This can be difficult. Most ovulate and are receptive around the eleventh day of oestrus. The discharge will then be less bloody and the female will be actively looking for a male. However, ovulation may occur either early or late during the “heat” cycle.

Mating Age For Male Dogs:

A male dog is mature for mating possibly from 4 months onwards but generally, it is considered at about 6 months.
Are There Any Tests To Determine When To Mate Your Dog?

There are two simple tests that your veterinarian can perform.

1. Vaginal smear test – A simple microscopic examination of vaginal cells will detect changes in cell appearance and numbers. This test has been used for many years and is reasonably reliable. It is non-invasive and does not cause discomfort for the female. Most vaginal smears are performed serially, over several days, to look for changes in the cells that predict ovulation and the best time for breeding.
2. Serum progesterone test – This measures the progesterone level in the blood. This test is very sensitive and has become popular due to its accuracy. Some pets will require several tests to predict ovulation.

Both tests can be performed at the veterinary practice. The serum progesterone test gives a very good indication of when mating is most likely to be successful and is useful for females that have a history of unsuccessful mating or for breeding dogs that have to travel a considerable distance to the male dog.